The Case for Transparency

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The Case for Transparency

How social media platform data access leads to real-world change—documented through groundbreaking research that has shaped policy, protected democracy, and informed the public.

14+
Case Studies
34K+
Research Papers
7
Platforms Studied
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Why Transparency Matters

Four Domains of Impact

Platform transparency has demonstrable positive effects across multiple critical areas of society.

Platform Decision-Making

Research insights lead to improved moderation practices, increased scrutiny over misinformation, and better enforcement against influence operations.

5 Case Studies

Government & Regulation

Research directly informs legal actions, discrimination lawsuits, platform regulation efforts, and legislative proposals at local, national, and international levels.

3 Case Studies

Public Awareness

Investigative journalism and open-source research uncover foreign interference, disinformation campaigns, and radicalization—driving civic engagement.

5 Case Studies

Academic Understanding

Transparency initiatives provide empirical data for studying content moderation, advertising, wellbeing, polarization, and manipulation tactics.

4 Case Studies

Evidence of Impact

Case Studies

Each case demonstrates a clear connection between transparency, research, and measurable real-world outcomes.

Platform Decision-Making

Twitter Enforcement: Russian Invasion of Ukraine

Independent researchers used the Twitter API to identify coordinated inauthentic behavior supporting Russia, leading to network takedowns.

2022
Twitter API
Platform Decision-Making

State-Backed Influence Operation Enforcement

Twitter partnered with Stanford Internet Observatory and others to remove networks from Mexico, China, Russia, Tanzania, Uganda, and Venezuela.

2021
Twitter API
Platform Decision-Making

Rabbit Holes and Radicalization on YouTube

NYT investigation into algorithmic radicalization led YouTube to update policies on borderline content recommendations.

2019
Manual Scraping
Platform Decision-Making

Pro-Gaddafi Facebook Pages Takedown

Stanford Internet Observatory research led to Facebook removing 18 coordinated pages spreading disinformation about Libya.

2020
CrowdTangle
Platform Decision-Making

Genocide in Myanmar

Research documenting hate speech explosion on Facebook led to the platform taking responsibility and increasing investment in human rights.

2018
Facebook API
Regulation

Airbnb and Short-Term Rental Regulation

InsideAirbnb's scraped data revealed multi-unit hosts, leading to short-term rental regulations in NYC, Paris, Amsterdam, and EU-wide data-sharing laws.

2015
Scraping
Regulation

Anti-Deepfake Pornography Regulation

ABC News investigation using CrowdTangle uncovered AI-generated fake personas, contributing to Australian law targeting non-consensual deepfake porn.

2024
CrowdTangle YouTube
Regulation

Facebook Settlement with US DOJ

ProPublica demonstrated racial discrimination in Facebook's ad targeting, leading to HUD lawsuit and DOJ settlement requiring system changes.

2016–2022
Ad Tools
Public Awareness

UK General Election Interference Network

ABC News uncovered Nigerian Facebook pages spreading Russian talking points targeting British voters, becoming front-page news and prompting Meta takedown.

2024
Ad Library CrowdTangle
Public Awareness

Debunking the Wayfair Conspiracy

Politifact used CrowdTangle to track and publicly debunk the viral Wayfair child trafficking conspiracy theory.

2020
CrowdTangle
Public Awareness

Documenting War Crimes in Ukraine

DFRLab's research led to Starling Lab filing cryptographic evidence of war crimes to the International Criminal Court.

2022
CrowdTangle
Public Awareness

EU Sanctions Against Russia Today

The Lumen database revealed radical EU takedown requirements for Russian state media that had not been publicly announced.

2022
Lumen DB
Public Awareness

Internet Shutdown Monitoring

Cloudflare Radar alerts enable human rights organizations to document and fight internet shutdowns worldwide.

2021
Cloudflare
Academic Understanding

Ad Transparency and the Ad Observatory

NYU's Ad Observatory enabled research on political ad spending, policy enforcement, and foreign disinformation campaigns.

2022
Ad Observatory Ad Library
Academic Understanding

Hate Speech in Sri Lanka

Research analyzing hate speech spread during mob violence and constitutional crisis, providing recommendations for platforms and civil society.

2018
Twitter API CrowdTangle
Academic Understanding

Predicting Depression Onset via Social Media

Foundational research showing social media can predict depression onset, informing the US Surgeon General's advisory on youth mental health.

2013
Twitter API
Academic Understanding

Group Polarization Dynamics on Twitter

Early foundational research on how social media reinforces group identity and limits meaningful cross-viewpoint discussion.

2010
Twitter API

Platform transparency has had significant positive impact

These case studies represent just a fraction of the thousands of examples across platforms. They demonstrate that collaborations between researchers, journalists, policymakers, and platforms lead to real-world impact.

Living Library

34,693 Research Papers & Growing

A comprehensive collection of academic research, white papers, and analyses that leverage social media platform data to understand how platforms operate and their impact on society.

Twitter / X 9,912 papers
Facebook 8,744 papers
Instagram 5,706 papers
YouTube 5,241 papers
TikTok 2,436 papers
CrowdTangle 1,550 papers
Reddit 1,104 papers

Research Themes

Platform data has enabled groundbreaking research across diverse topics affecting society.

Politics & Elections

2,815 papers

Electoral integrity, political campaigns, voting behavior, and democratic processes

Communities & Networks

2,430 papers

Online communities, social network analysis, group dynamics, and collective behavior

News & Journalism

1,844 papers

News consumption, media ecosystems, journalism practices, and information flow

Sentiment & Opinion

1,816 papers

Public opinion analysis, sentiment tracking, and attitude measurement

COVID-19 & Public Health

1,626 papers

Pandemic response, health misinformation, vaccine discourse, and crisis communication

Youth & Adolescents

1,310 papers

Teen social media use, child safety, developmental impacts, and digital literacy

Algorithms & Recommendations

1,156 papers

Recommendation systems, algorithmic curation, filter bubbles, and content ranking

Bots & Automation

1,134 papers

Bot detection, automated accounts, coordinated inauthentic behavior, and manipulation

Advertising & Marketing

854 papers

Ad targeting, political advertising, commercial influence, and marketing analytics

Misinformation & Disinformation

687 papers

Fake news detection, fact-checking, rumor spread, and information integrity

Mental Health & Wellbeing

667 papers

Depression, anxiety, social comparison, digital wellbeing, and psychological impacts

Privacy & Data Protection

636 papers

User privacy, surveillance, data collection practices, and consent

Explore the Full Research Library

Browse all 34,693 papers organized by platform, theme, year, and citation count. This living collection grows as new research emerges.

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